The Use of Sodium Nitrate and Sodium Nitrite in Home Sausage Making

Sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite cures have beento rely on our own common sense.
used for hundreds (very possibly thousands) of yearsThe first decision the home sausage maker needs to
in the production of cured meats and sausages. Theymake is whether or not to produce cured sausage at
are responsible for the signature pink coloration ofall. There are many very good recipes for fresh
cured meat (think of ham) and contribute to thesausage varieties that don't call for nitrite cures, and If
distinctive flavor of cured products.you are overly concerned about possible health risks
Much more important though, is their role in preventingyou may decide to refrain from making cured
a devastating form of food poisoning called botulism.sausages altogether.
Food-borne botulism is caused by a toxin producedIf you make the choice to produce smoked and/or
from a particularly nasty bacteria called Clostridiumcured products, there are some easy to follow
botulinum. This bacteria loves a moist, low oxygenguidelines to minimize any possible risks.o Use only
environment and prefers temperatures between 40commercially available cures that are designed for
and 140 degrees F. That's exactly the environment wesausage making and meat curing. They have the
provide when we smoke sausage and meats in aminimum effective levels of nitrates and nitrites already
smoke house or hang dried sausage in a curing shed.formulated into them.o Always follow precisely the
It is appropriate to have concerns over nitrate/nitriteinstructions provided with the the product. Not all
usage in sausage making and meat curing. After all,commercially available cures have exactly the same
there is evidence that the use of excess amounts ofmake up, and the amounts needed will vary.o Never
these compounds can lead to health risks, up to anduse "saltpeter" as a curing agent. Its use was common
including, cancer. The rejoinder is that the FDA haspractice in the past, but we now know that it is far
determined that there currently is no effectivestronger than is necessary for curing meat.
substitute for nitrates and nitrites for preventing theIt's really pretty straight forward. If you want to make
growth of botulism spores.cured and smoked sausage that is safe from the risk
In the United States, nitrite levels in commerciallyof botulism food poisoning, you need to use a nitrate
produced cured foods are currently as low as possiblenitrite based curing agent. At this point in history, there
and are strictly regulated. When it comes to usingis no known effective alternative.
cures in our home sausage kitchens though, We have